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2021
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09
Forging basic knowledge, understand this is the basis of the great power of heavy instruments!
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Forging is one of the two components of forging (forging and stamping), which uses forging machinery to exert pressure on metal blank and make it produce plastic deformation to obtain forgings with certain mechanical properties, shapes and sizes. Through forging, defects such as loose as cast can be eliminated in the process of metal smelting, and the microstructure can be optimized. At the same time, the mechanical properties of forgings are generally better than those of castings of the same materials because the complete metal streamline is preserved. Related machinery in high load, severe working conditions of the important parts, in addition to the shape of the simple available rolled plate, profile or welding parts, the use of forgings.
1. Deformation temperature
The initial recrystallization temperature of steel is about 727℃, but 800℃ is generally used as the dividing line, higher than 800℃ is hot forging; Between 300 ℃ and 800℃ is called warm or semi-hot forging, forging at room temperature is called cold forging. The forgings used in most industries are hot forging. Warm forging and cold forging are mainly used in forging of automobile, general machinery and other parts. Warm forging and cold forging can save material effectively.
2. Forging categories
As mentioned above, it can be divided into hot forging, warm forging and cold forging according to the forging temperature. According to forming mechanism, forging can be divided into free forging, die forging, ring rolling and special forging.
1) Free forging
It refers to a forging process that uses simple universal tools or directly exerts external forces on the blank between the upper and lower anvil iron of forging equipment to deform the blank and obtain the desired geometry and internal quality. The forgings produced by free forging method are called free forging. Free forging mainly produces forgings in small batches. Forging equipment such as forging hammer and hydraulic press is used to form and process blanks to obtain qualified forgings. The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, drawing, punching, cutting, bending, twisting, shifting and forging. Free forging adopts hot forging mode.
forging,machinery
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